All guesswork I'm afraid and I don't know about the filter you get with wireless routers but they usually supply two of them so it's an easy elimination.
Contact Talktalk- they rent the exchange equipment from the 'phone company and there may be a line fault or more probably a fault with the equipment at the exchange - they should be able to get it tested relatively easily.
Regular voice telephone calls do not pass through the router so Belkin are out of the loop as they say.
Good luck...
Peccavi
March 2009