I think Debian uses a boot menu called GRUB? Ubuntu uses this at least, and I've had the same problem.
You will need a Vista installation disk to repair the boot sectors of your hard drive. The only other way of doing this is to blank the hard drive, reformat and re-install Vista.
1. Boot from the Vista CD - Remember that the computer must be configured to start from the DVD drive.
2. Hit a key when prompted
3. Select language, time, currency etc. then click NEXT
4. Click REPAIR YOUR COMPUTER
5. Click the operating system you want to repair then click NEXT
6. In the system recovery options dialog, click COMMAND PROMPT.
7. Type the following, hitting RETURN key at the end of each line:
bootrec.exe
bootrec /fixmbr
bootrec /fixboot
bcdedit /export C:\BCD_Backup
c:
cd boot
attrib bcd -s -h -r
ren c:\boot\bcd bcd.old
bootrec /rebuildbcd
Now remove the Vista disk from your drive and reboot.
Ripper
November 2008