Dear hogarth 1953!
2 alternators in 10 years (with the level of usage you describe) seems excessive! Have you by any chance had welding done to chassis or bodywork without disconnecting alternator and batteries? This is recommended to avoid damage to same.
(1) Have you checked the state of charge of the battery with a hydrometer?
(2) Make sure battery terminal posts and clamps are clean and free from corrosion. (Use abrasive paper or small wire brush - there is a specially shaped brush for it but you don't need to go that far!). Corrosion products will increase resistance significantly. Keep these items clean by smearing petroleum jelly -i.e. "Vaseline" on them.
(3) Make sure battery lead connections are good - sometimes the cable can be loose in the clamp and don't forget to check where the negative lead is attached to the chassis. This kind of thing can be the difference between a click and a nice 4 or 6 -cylinder Ford diesel roar when you turn the ignition key.
(4) There are a series of tests which can be carried out on the battery and alternator for trouble shooting purposes. You may not have such equipment, but if you are able to give an email address (you could set one up just for this to avoid nuisance emails) I can scan that section of the Ford Cargo workshop manual and email it to you. (Very useful books - they often appear for sale on ebay - worth your while to get a set if you intend to be involved with Cargos).
Batteries don't like frost and being exposed to low temperatures - if battery covers were on the truck originally, they should be used. If the truck is not in regular use, it is worth your while to take the batteries out altogether. Once a month in the winter is almost a state of dereliction!
JD
October 2008