You can't 'format a 3 1/2 floppy disk that has data files written on the disc without loosing the data on the disc'
Depending on the format that was performed -
Quick format just distroys the 'File Allocation Table' which tells the operating system which sector the files are located
or
Non-quick format tries to remove all the data on the disk, but this is not always successful and the data can be recovered by using a data recovery program as below.
If you did not format the hard drive then the 'File Allocation Table' is probably corrupt and you should be able to recover the data as suggested below
PC Expert
March 2008