Ignore Micky-g's answer as that is impossible to happen during normal mowing use.
Previous two answers are correct. Most likely is the flywheel key has fractured causing the flywheel to slip- thus advancing or retarding the ignition timing.
The only way the timing gear within the engine can be altered is by physically stripping the engine and manually advancing or retarding the valve timing gear- none of which can happen through some external force.
You may also want to consider the fact that you haven't done the blade bolt up tight enough- the blade acts as a flywheel to kick the engine over when starting- it it's loose the this will lessen the flywheel effect and cause kick back through the recoil.
If you know you never hit something prior to the belt coming off and it was still starting fine before you replaced the blade then it's the attachment of the blade I would look at first.
pleasant
September 2008